How To Make A Digital Clock

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Digital clocks can be used to tell time at a glance. They became apace more popular than the older sweep hand clocks, now known as analog clocks. The fourth dimension derived by analog clocks came from either a pendulum or a spring. Pendulums are unusable on moving platforms, such as a transport, and springs unwind more and more slowly as they release stored upwards tension. The use of sweep easily immune these mechanical time bases to be presented in a mechanically driven brandish. With the perfecting of multivibrator fries, electrical circuits could be built that could accurately proceed time nether a wide range of conditions. Every bit the fourth dimension base had switched from mechanical to electrical, the time display had to follow suit. Brandish devices chosen 7 segment displays were designed to allow the fourth dimension to be shown numerically. While many digital clocks are available commercially, you tin can too build your own from components. Follow these tips to learn how to make a digital clock.

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ane

Identify an electronics parts supplier. Many suppliers are bachelor on the Internet or through electronics supply catalogs. Choose a vendor that offers basic integrated circuits of the generic 74xx and 40xx families, and discrete components, such as resistors and capacitors.
2

Acquire an electronics prototyping breadboard. If the breadboard does non come with clips, which are wires that can exist plugged into the breadboard to connect integrated circuits, buy the required clips.^[1]

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3

Get the data canvas for a 7805 regulator. The data canvas will prove how to wire connect the 7805 and supporting discrete components.^[2]
4

Create a 5 volt power source. Acquire the 7805 and support components and build them upwardly on 1 corner of the breadboard. Consult the manufacturer'southward data sheet for the 7805 to go the required pin-to-pin wire connections for this excursion. Plug the components into the breadboard to physically support them.^[three]
5

Define a one Hz time base. Find the data sheet for the 4060 multivibrator integrated circuit (IC). It will evidence how to wire the 4060 to operate as a fourth dimension generator in conjunction with a 4013 flip flop IC. Support discrete components and the wiring of the support detached components will be shown on the data sheets.^[4]
6

Generate the 1 Hz time base. Acquire the 4060, 4013, breadboard sockets for those parts, and all detached back up components identified in the information sheets. Build the 1 Hz time base on 1 corner of the breadboard. Consult the manufacturer's data sheet for the 4060 to get the required pin-to-pin wire connections for this circuit. Plug the components into the breadboard to support them.
7

Prepare the physical components of the clock. Mount 6 7490 counter ICs in a line on the breadboard. Mount vi 7447 brandish driver ICs in a line abreast the 7490 ICs. Mount half dozen light emitting diode (LED) displays in another line, arranged and then that they are side by side every bit the digits of a digital clock should be. All of these devices must be plugged into breadboard sockets, which are in turn plugged into the breadboard.
8

Connect the brandish drivers. Wire the 7447s to the LED displays and to the 7490s, as indicated in the device data sheets.
9

Create the counter section. Refer to the 7490 data sheets. Wiring from the rightmost device to the leftmost device, wire the first iv 7490s as a count by x, a count past 6, a count by ten, and a count past 6. Wire the fifth 7490 equally a count past 2 and the sixth 7490 as a count past one for the 12-hour clock. Wire the fifth 7490 as a count by 4 and the sixth 7490 every bit a count past 2 for the 24-hr clock.^[5]
ten
Sequence the time clocking signals.
- Connect the 1 Hz time base of the clocking input (In B, pivot 14) to the clocking input of the kickoff 7490. This 7490 is the seconds counter.
- Wire pin 11 of the kickoff 7490 to the clocking input of the 2nd 7490. This 7490 is the tens of seconds counter.
- Provide the power to set up the minutes section of the counter. Wire the output from pivot viii of the second 7490 to the normally closed contact of a unmarried pole double throw switch. Wire the ordinarily open contact of the switch to the 1 Hz time base. Wire the wiper of the switch to the clock input of the third 7490. This 7490 is the minutes counter.
- Wire pin 11 of the third 7490 equally the clocking input of the fourth 7490. This 7490 is the tens of minutes counter.
- Provide the power to gear up the hours section of the counter. Wire the output from pin eight of the 4th 7490 to the unremarkably closed contact of a single pole double throw switch. Wire the normally open contact of the switch to the i Hz time base of operations. Wire the wiper of the switch to the clock input of the fifth 7490. The fifth 7490 is the hours counter.
- Connect pin 6 or pin seven of the fifth 7490 equally the clocking input of the sixth 7490. This 7490 is the tens of hours counter. Use pin half dozen of the fifth 7490 for the American 12-hour clock. Employ pin 7 of the fifth 7490 for the 24-hr European clock.
11

Attach the 12 volt battery to the 7805 regulator using the 12 volt bombardment socket.

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Can I print out the "things I need" list?

Yes, you tin.
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Can I get a circuit diagram of the digital clock?

Practise a Google image search for "circuit diagram of a digital clock," yous'll run into many examples.
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How exercise I brand a powerful amplifier?

Expect for an MD8002A Audio Amplifier. It volition provide simple excursion diagrams that you tin use.